、車削中心，是一種(zhong)高精度、高效率的(de)(de)自動(dong)化機床。配備多工(gong)(gong)位刀塔或動(dong)力刀塔，機床就具有廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)能，可加工(gong)(gong)直線圓柱(zhu)、斜線圓柱(zhu)、圓弧和各種(zhong)螺紋、槽、蝸桿等(deng)復(fu)雜(za)工(gong)(gong)件，具有直線插(cha)補、圓弧插(cha)補各種(zhong)補償功(gong)能，并在復(fu)雜(za)零件的(de)(de)批(pi)量生產中發揮 了良好的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效果(guo)。

"CNC"是英文(wen)Computerized Numerical Control(計算(suan)機數(shu)(shu)字化控制(zhi)(zhi))的縮寫(xie)。數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)是按照事先編制(zhi)(zhi)好的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序，自(zi)動地(di)對被加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)零件(jian)(jian)進行加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。我們把(ba)零件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝路線(xian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝參數(shu)(shu)、刀具(ju)的運動軌跡(ji)、位移量(liang)、切(qie)削參數(shu)(shu)(主軸轉數(shu)(shu)、進給量(liang)、背吃刀量(liang)等)以及輔助功(gong)能(換(huan)刀、主軸正轉、反轉、切(qie)削液開(kai)、關等)，按照數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)規定的指令代碼及程(cheng)(cheng)序格式(shi)編寫(xie)成加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序單，再把(ba)這程(cheng)(cheng)序單中(zhong)的內容記錄在控制(zhi)(zhi)介質上(shang)(如穿孔紙(zhi)帶(dai)、磁帶(dai)、磁盤(pan)、磁泡存儲器(qi))，然(ran)后輸入到數(shu)(shu)控機床(chuang)的數(shu)(shu)控裝置中(zhong)，從(cong)而指揮(hui)機床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)零件(jian)(jian)。

這(zhe)種從零(ling)件(jian)圖的(de)(de)分析到(dao)制(zhi)成控(kong)制(zhi)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)全部過程(cheng)叫(jiao)數(shu)控(kong)程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)編(bian)制(zhi)。數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床與普(pu)通機(ji)(ji)床加工零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)區別(bie)在于數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床是按照程(cheng)序(xu)自動加工零(ling)件(jian)，而普(pu)通機(ji)(ji)床要(yao)由人來操作，我們(men)只要(yao)改變控(kong)制(zhi)機(ji)(ji)床動作的(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)就可以達到(dao)加工不(bu)同零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。因此，數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床特(te)別(bie)適(shi)用于加工小(xiao)批量(liang)且形狀復雜要(yao)求精度高的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)。

由于數(shu)控機床要按(an)照程(cheng)(cheng)序來(lai)加工(gong)零件，編程(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)員編制好程(cheng)(cheng)序以后(hou)，輸入到數(shu)控裝(zhuang)置中來(lai)指揮機床工(gong)作。程(cheng)(cheng)序的輸入是(shi)通過(guo)控制介(jie)質來(lai)的。