、車削中心(xin),是一種高精(jing)度、高效(xiao)率(lv)的自動化機床。配備(bei)多(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位刀(dao)塔或(huo)動力刀(dao)塔,機床就具有廣泛的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝性能(neng),可加工(gong)(gong)(gong)直線(xian)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱、斜線(xian)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱、圓(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)和各(ge)種螺紋、槽(cao)、蝸桿等復雜工(gong)(gong)(gong)件,具有直線(xian)插補(bu)、圓(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)插補(bu)各(ge)種補(bu)償功能(neng),并(bing)在復雜零(ling)件的批量生產中發揮 了良(liang)好(hao)的經濟(ji)效(xiao)果(guo)。
"CNC"是(shi)英文Computerized Numerical Control(計算機(ji)數(shu)字化控(kong)制)的(de)縮寫。數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床是(shi)按照(zhao)事(shi)先編制好(hao)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程序,自(zi)動地對被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)零件進行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。我們把(ba)零件的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝路(lu)線、工(gong)藝參數(shu)、刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)運動軌(gui)跡、位移量(liang)、切削(xue)參數(shu)(主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)數(shu)、進給量(liang)、背吃刀(dao)(dao)量(liang)等)以及輔(fu)助功(gong)能(換刀(dao)(dao)、主軸(zhou)正轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、切削(xue)液開、關等),按照(zhao)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床規定的(de)指(zhi)令(ling)代碼及程序格式(shi)編寫成加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程序單,再把(ba)這程序單中的(de)內容記錄在控(kong)制介質(zhi)上(如(ru)穿(chuan)孔紙帶、磁帶、磁盤、磁泡(pao)存儲器),然(ran)后(hou)輸入到數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床的(de)數(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置中,從而指(zhi)揮機(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)零件。
這(zhe)種從零(ling)(ling)件(jian)圖的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析到制成控制介質的(de)(de)(de)全部過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)叫數(shu)控程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)(de)(de)編制。數(shu)控機(ji)床與普(pu)通機(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)區別在于(yu)數(shu)控機(ji)床是按照程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序自動加(jia)(jia)工零(ling)(ling)件(jian),而普(pu)通機(ji)床要由人來操作,我(wo)們只要改變控制機(ji)床動作的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序就可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到加(jia)(jia)工不同(tong)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。因此,數(shu)控機(ji)床特別適用于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工小批量且形狀復雜要求精(jing)度高的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)。
由于(yu)數控(kong)機床要按照(zhao)程序(xu)來加工(gong)零件,編程人員(yuan)編制(zhi)好程序(xu)以后(hou),輸(shu)入到數控(kong)裝置中(zhong)來指揮機床工(gong)作。程序(xu)的(de)輸(shu)入是通過控(kong)制(zhi)介質來的(de)。